What does the new birth mean in Christian theology?

In Christian theology, the new birth is a fundamental doctrine that signifies the spiritual awakening and regeneration of an individual through the Holy Spirit. In John 3, Jesus explains to Nicodemus that one must be 'born again' to see the kingdom of God (John 3:3). This rebirth means that a believer is made alive by God's grace, receiving spiritual insight and the ability to truly understand the Gospel. The new birth is essential for all who are to come to faith, as it is the means through which they are given a new nature and the capacity to believe in Christ as their Savior.