What is moderate Calvinism?

Moderate Calvinism, which emerged through the teachings of figures like Andrew Fuller, attempts to balance the Reformed doctrine with an appeal to universalism. This viewpoint asserts that Christ’s atonement is sufficient for all but effective only for the elect. However, it undermines the doctrine of total depravity, positing that fallen individuals possess the ability to respond to God's call. This theological position dilutes the efficacy of Christ's work by suggesting a duty to believe exists for all people, which the robust sovereignty of God in salvation clearly refutes. It is critical to distinguish this from the historic Reformed position, which emphasizes God's sovereign choice and specific purpose in redemption.