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What is total depravity and how does it relate to salvation?

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Total depravity means that every aspect of humanity is affected by sin, making salvation wholly dependent on God's grace.

Total depravity captures the historic Reformed understanding that sin has corrupted every facet of human existence, rendering individuals completely incapable of achieving salvation through their own efforts. This doctrine indicates that every person is spiritually dead in trespasses and sins, as articulated in Ephesians 2:1. In light of this, salvation becomes entirely the work of God's grace, as He quickens whom He wills (John 5:21). Since humanity cannot save itself, any hope of redemption must come from God’s sovereign initiative in choosing to save a people for Himself. Understanding total depravity accentuates the glory of God's grace, as it underscores that salvation is a gift from start to finish, independent of human merit.
Scripture References: Ephesians 2:1, John 5:21

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