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Paul Pendleton

Scapegoat #4 (Living Goat)

Leviticus 16:1-5
Paul Pendleton March, 8 2026 Video & Audio
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Scapegoat

In the sermon titled "Scapegoat #4 (Living Goat)," Paul Pendleton addresses the atoning work of Christ as depicted in Leviticus 16. He emphasizes the dual representation of the two goats: the first goat symbolizes Christ’s sacrificial death, made sin for us (2 Corinthians 5:21), while the second goat represents Jesus as our living Savior who takes away sins, as indicated by the confession of the people laid upon it. Pendleton skillfully connects the Old Testament types to New Testament fulfillment, citing Hebrews 10:16-22 to stress that believers can boldly approach God based on Christ's sacrificial work. The sermon underscores the practical significance of this doctrine, affirming that Christ's righteousness is imputed to believers and provides a foundation for their faith, resulting in a deep assurance of forgiveness and reconciliation with God.

Key Quotes

“He was made sin who knew no sin, both at the same time, and how can that be? I don’t know. And God does not explain that to us, so it's not for us to know.”

“We confess our sinfulness to him and he forgives us. Those ones he's made kings and priests, they lay their sins on his head because he is their head.”

“As far as the east is from the west, so far hath he removed our transgressions from us.”

“He has dispelled our sins by making us righteous in him.”

What does the Bible say about the scapegoat in Leviticus?

The scapegoat in Leviticus symbolizes Christ, representing the atonement for sin and our transfer of iniquity onto Him.

In Leviticus 16, the scapegoat is part of the Day of Atonement ritual, where one goat is sacrificed as a sin offering, while the other, the live goat, carries the sins of the people into the wilderness. This symbolizes Christ's role as both the sacrificial lamb and the one who bears our sins. The live goat represents the complete removal of sin, aligning with Scripture, which teaches that Christ took our sins upon Himself and has separated them from us as far as the east is from the west.

Leviticus 16:1-10, Psalms 103:12

How do we know Christ was made sin for us?

The Scriptures teach that Christ was made sin for us through imputation, fulfilling the requirements of the Law for our righteousness.

The doctrine of imputation is central to understanding how Christ was made sin for us. In Scripture, particularly in 2 Corinthians 5:21, we see that 'He made Him who knew no sin to be sin for us, that we might become the righteousness of God in Him.' This indicates that Christ took upon Himself the sins of His people—not by becoming sinful in nature but by being the perfect lamb sacrificed, thereby fulfilling God's justice. His righteousness is imputed to believers, enabling them to stand justified before God, highlighting the complete and total nature of His substitutionary atonement.

2 Corinthians 5:21, Isaiah 53:11

Why is the concept of Christ as our intercessor important for Christians?

Christ as our intercessor ensures our sins are forgiven, and we have direct access to God through His righteousness.

The role of Christ as our intercessor is crucial for believers, as expressed in Romans 8:34, which states, 'Who is he that condemneth? It is Christ that died, yea, rather, that is risen again, who is even at the right hand of God, who also maketh intercession for us.' This underscores the assurance we have that His sacrificial work secures our standing before God. When we confess our sins, He is faithful and just to forgive us, representing us before the Father. This relationship highlights God's grace and our absolute reliance on Christ's righteousness, allowing us to approach the throne of grace with confidence.

Romans 8:34, 1 John 1:9

What does the New Testament teach about the fulfillment of the Old Testament sacrifices?

The New Testament reveals that Christ fulfills the Old Testament sacrifices, serving as both the ultimate sacrifice and high priest.

The New Testament presents Jesus as the fulfillment of the Old Testament sacrificial system. Hebrews 10:12 states, 'But this man, after he had offered one sacrifice for sins forever, sat down on the right hand of God.' This emphasizes that no further sacrifices are needed, as Christ's single act on the cross satisfies God's justice for all believers. Additionally, as our high priest, He intercedes continuously for us, ensuring that the effects of His sacrifice apply to all who believe. This understanding deepens our appreciation for the continuity and coherence of Scripture, revealing God’s redemptive plan through Christ.

Hebrews 10:12, Hebrews 7:24-25

Sermon Transcript

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Turn with me this time to Leviticus 16, Leviticus 16. We will read verses 5 through 10, Leviticus 16. And he shall take of the congregation of the children of Israel two kids of the goats for a sin offering and one ram for a burnt offering. And Aaron shall offer his bullock of the sin offering, which is for himself, and make an atonement for himself and for his house. And he shall take the two goats and present them before the Lord at the door of the tabernacle of the congregation. And Aaron shall cast lots upon the two goats, one lot for the Lord and the other lot for the scapegoat. and Aaron shall bring the goat upon which the Lord's lot fell and offer him for a sin offering. But the goat on which the lot fell to be the scapegoat shall be presented alive before the Lord to make an atonement with him and to let him go for a scapegoat into the wilderness. So just to go over some things that we've read, some of these things in the New Testament.

Who made him sin? God the Father in union with Jesus Christ having made a covenant that this transaction that Christ would undergo, if you will, would justify people for his name. What was he made? He was made sin just as that water was turned to wine. One second it was water and the next it was wine. This was the example God gives us of that time when he made his son sin. The water was inside these pots, and then the wine was in these pots. And this pot, typifying Jesus Christ, was for the cleansing of the people. He is that stumbling stone, who unless God does something for you, you will also stumble over him.

What was his relationship to sin? This one who was made sin knew nothing about sin in and of himself. He was not intimate with sin and had no relationship to sin. Scripture says he is the light of the world. He was and he is. How can he know no sin yet be made sin? By imputation. God will not impute anything unless it's already there. He does not have unjust weights and balances.

So we must just say what God has said. He made him sin for us. But the one that was made sin was a spotless lamb. And why was he made sin? That those for whom he did this for, those for whom he was their substitute, might be made righteous in him. not excused for their sin. Those sins were paid for by death and that death was the death of the son. Those he died for are right before God because the transaction made them so. Him bearing their sins in his own body.

Turn over with me to Hebrews 10 for a minute, Hebrews 10. Hebrews 10, and we'll read starting from 16. Verse 16. Hebrews 10, verse 16. This is the covenant that I will make with them after those days, saith the Lord. I will put my laws into their hearts, and in their minds will I write them. And their sins and iniquities will I remember no more. Now where remission of these is, there is no more offering for sin.

Having therefore, brethren, boldness to enter into the holiest by the blood of Jesus, by a new and living way which he hath consecrated for us through the veil, that is to say, his flesh, and having an high priest over the house of God, let us draw near with a true heart in full assurance of faith, having our hearts sprinkled from an evil conscience, and our bodies washed with pure water.

Let us hold fast the profession of faith without wavering, for he is faithful, that promised. It's what Joe was saying, he is faithful. We come to God through Jesus Christ, and we can come boldly. Not based on our works, any of them, but all based on his work. because he was made sin so that we might be made the righteousness of God in him. And that is a glorious thought. Even though we have done nothing to earn it, we have it.

I did everything to condemn myself before God to suffer his wrath against me. But I did nothing to cause him to have peace with me and also for me to have peace with him. to the point where I could finally say he does all things right. Jesus Christ did all this for me. He reconciled me to God, and that was what that was all for, was to claim a people for his name. Everything we went through in scripture up to this point, God did for us, his people. And it's always for his people, he does everything.

Now we've looked at the New Testament that speaks of those types and symbols that we see in Leviticus. So we're now back in Leviticus. And this is my conclusion, if you will, of this series of messages. We can see the details that the Old Testament was referring to then when we read the New Testament, not the other way around.

We see in this passage two goats mentioned. Now both of these are a picture of our Lord Jesus Christ. You can't separate them. And we'll in no way be able to fit every single thing together by looking at this in a neat little package, because it's a type. It's an outline, if you will. I've looked at commentaries on this, and to be honest, none of them really give any details on this passage at all. But I see it here, we have two goats, two goats, and that's important.

One which is slaughtered and one which is living and never put to death. Never dying as far as we know anyway, we're at least not told that it died. And those are my points, a sacrificed goat and a living goat. So a sacrificed goat. The first goat was said specifically to be unto the Lord. This one, it is said, to be a lot for the Lord. This is the one that was sacrificed, slaughtered, if you will. He was made a curse and sin for me. This sacrifice he made unto the Lord, to God the Father. It was a sweet-smelling sacrifice to the Lord.

So much so, we're told in Isaiah 53, 11, you all know it, he shall see of the travail of his soul and shall be satisfied. By his knowledge shall my righteous servant justify many, for he shall bear their iniquities. We now know it is not shall, but he has. And I remember that message Walter preached long ago where he pointed out that word for satisfied means satiated.

Satisfied fully to excess. The father says, this is my beloved son in whom I am well pleased. He walked in perfection being the very righteousness of God. That righteousness of God that men by nature do not want to submit to. It pleased the Father to make him a curse and sin for us, placing our sin in his beloved son's body, then slaughtering him on the tree by the hands of wicked men. And the sweet smell of that sacrifice came up in the nostrils of God, and he said, I am satiated.

If I am to die for my own sin, there will be no satisfaction with God. I will die eternally and it will never satiate God. Because if I were to be sacrificed for my own sin or die in my own sin, I am a marred sacrifice which blemishes all about me. I deserve to die for my sin.

We are told in scripture, again in Isaiah, we are told, Isaiah 1, 4, 5, and 6, A sinful nation, a people laden with iniquity, a seed of evildoers, children that are corruptors. They have forsaken the Lord. They have provoked the Holy One of Israel into anger. They are gone away backward. Why should you be stricken anymore? You will revolt more and more.

The whole head is sick and the whole heart faint from the sole of the foot even into the head. There is no soundness in it. but wounds and bruises and putrefying sores, they have not been closed, neither bound up, neither mollified with ointment. If I dine my sins, that is all I have to offer to God. This flesh drinks up iniquity like water, and there's nothing in my flesh that would ever satisfy this holy God. This flesh is never renewed. For God's people and God's people only, they will at His appointed time lay down this body of flesh. The best we can do now is to mortify its members. We can never make it whole. Ah, but His flesh, Jesus Christ's flesh, is a perfect sacrifice. He is altogether lovely. First to God the Father, but then to his people at his appointed time. He has always been lovely to the Father.

To his people, he did all this when they were his enemies, when they were sinners, when they were ungodly. We were the children of wrath, even as others. We hated God and would ascend the throne to kill God if it were even possible. That's what we are by nature. But God bethinked he was pleased to send his son. He was made of a woman, made under the law that he might redeem a people out from under that law, making him a curse and sin for them. What more could we ask for? The holy God became this for us so that we might be made the righteousness of God in him. Him our head who is living, and that's where I'm going next, the living goat. And I've in the past used this reference of this goat being let go in the wilderness.

But I did not fully tell the whole truth. And one reason is I didn't see the whole truth here. God opened my eyes to it, I believe. And I won't cover everything that's said about this passage. There are those who will say things like, this shows sins being imputed only because it says in verse 21, in verse 21, Leviticus 21, Leviticus 16.

And Aaron shall lay both his hands upon the head of the live goat and confess over him all the iniquities of the children of Israel and all their transgressions and all their sins, putting them upon the head of the goat and shall send him away by the hand of a fit man into the wilderness.

The laying of his hands on the head of this goat They say this is God imputing our sin to him. This is Aaron laying his hands on the goat. Not God, it's Aaron, and it is a living goat. This is an action of the people of God, Aaron being their representative here, and confessing their sins and putting his hands to the head of the goat, laying their sin on him. It says he is confessing his sins and the sins of the people. The other goat has already been slaughtered. And I have to keep stressing this. This is a living goat. Aaron is confessing the sins of himself and the people.

He is appointing or ascribing the sins to the living goat. Those good things to come are found in the New Testament. So we do not explain the New Testament by going back to the Old Testament, as some suggest. We rather go to the New Testament, and we can see what the Old Testament was representing.

There are two goats here. One is dead or would die. The other is living and does not die, at least as far as we are made aware of in scripture. It was an animal, so I'm sure it eventually did die at some point. The first goat, if you will, the one that the lot fell for the Lord, died a sin offering. And it doesn't say here that it was made sin, but we see that this is so in the New Testament. This goat, that was a picture that one sacrificed to the Lord. A picture of Him, Jesus Christ, and Him being made sin for us. Who knew no sin? And He was a spotless lamb made sin. slaughtered for a sacrifice to the Lord. He was made sin who knew no sin, both at the same time, and how can that be?

I don't know. And God does not explain that to us, so it's not for us to know. You can guess all the day long or assume all you wish, but you are trying to know and understand something that God has not given to us to know. That sacrifice was to God the Father and not to us. God keeps that to himself.

But then we have the other goat. He is taken out into the wilderness and let go. Where does the goat go? We don't know. And that's the point. We don't know where our sin is. And the better thing is that God does not know where our sins are. And that by his own divine choice. What is this signifying by having this one live goat of which these sins are? And Aaron shall lay both his hands upon the head of the live goat and confess them over him all the iniquities of the children of Israel and all their transgressions and all their sins, putting them upon the head of the goat. It certainly is showing and saying our sins have been taken by him as far as the east is from the west.

The two, that is the East and the West, shall never meet. But I believe we're being told and shown something else here. And we have this shown in the New Testament. Turn with me to 1 John 1. 1 John 1. 1 John 1, and I'm just gonna read six through 10. 1 John 1, if we say that we have fellowship with him and walk in darkness, we lie and do not the truth. But if we walk in the light as he is in the light, we have fellowship one with another.

And the blood of Jesus Christ, his son, cleanses us from all sin. If we say that we have no sin, we deceive ourselves and the truth is not in us. If we confess our sin, he is faithful and just to forgive us our sins and to cleanse us from all unrighteousness. If we say that we have not sinned, we make him a liar and his word is not in us. We sin daily. We know it all too well.

I know there are those who say once God creates us a new creature that we do not sin at all. The new man does not. but this flesh does that we still have. And as Walker said, it does not rule us. But there's sin there. We are told by Paul the apostle that there is nothing good in this flesh, but some are at the very least hoodwinked into thinking that we do not sin at all in this flesh.

At worst, they're totally deceived. But what are we to do? We have sin that we commit every day, some we do not even know we commit. What are we to do? Put them on His head. Confess all your iniquities, transgressions, and sins, putting them all on His head. Not confessing every single individual sin, we don't even know them all. We confess what we are before Him. Just as the publican did, we confess, propitiate, take my place, Jesus Christ. If he was and is pleased, what does he do? Where does he take them? He takes them to where not even God will see them. He takes them back, if you will, to where he died on that tree.

He intercedes for us to any of those accusers who might accuse us before God. We sin, we have sinned, but Christ tells us we are righteous in Him, and we are. And God the Father, in looking at the Son, seeing absolute righteousness, sees us right there along with Him because we are in Him, Joe. He is our head. He is our intercessor. We appoint or ascribe our sins to Him, placing them on His head as our substitute. He is our advocate to all those our accusers, Romans 8, 34, we read.

Who is he that condemneth? It is Christ that died, yea, rather, that is risen again, who is even at the right hand of God, who also maketh intercession for us. Based on what he has done, our sins are not to be found. They are gone as far as the east is from the west. because Christ took them there pointing to his work on that tree. He does this to anyone who will accuse us of anything that we are not righteous before God. Jesus speaks for us. He even sent the Spirit who intercedes for us making groanings we cannot and he does this according to the will of God it says. But Jesus Christ is our intercessor. He says, they are righteous in me because of what I've done for them. Even if we accuse ourselves. He says, look unto me and I will give you rest. What will dispel unrighteousness but righteousness itself.

You all may remember Earl talking about that one time, the light and the darkness. Where light is, there is no darkness. The light dispels all the darkness. You walk in a dark room, and it's dark. You can't see anything. You turn the light on, where does the darkness go? It's gone. Without the light, all is darkness. He is the light. Not what I do, but Him. There's nothing but darkness without him. But him and what he has done for those to whom he done it, he dispels or makes disappear, if you will, our darkness by making us light in him. He places us in himself when he is pleased.

We are told he translates us into the kingdom of his dear son. And when we are placed in Him, yes, we are chosen in Him and before the foundation of the world, but we are born the children of wrath even as others. We hate God and all that He has done and does until that time, that time of love, when He comes to one of His own and He says, live. He shows us He has dispelled all darkness and He is our light. We read that he arose again to life in scripture.

Life is righteousness because if we have life, spiritual life, it is in him. We are his body and those are not just words in scripture. They have meaning and they are true. He is our head and we are his body. We are one in him and we are one with God as Joe was just saying. And is that not just amazing? It's real. What he has done has forever joined me, and if you are in him, it's joined you with himself. We do what he does because he is our head. What did Christ say to Mary in the garden before he ascended? Just a part of that, John 20, 17. I ascend to my father and your father. and to my God and your God.

We are made one with God by him and in him because we are righteous not in acts of righteousness which we have done but in his act of righteousness we were made the righteousness of God in him and that is so blessed. They say if Christ was made sin, and of course they add in by infusion, a word that scripture does not use and most who declare this scripture do not use. But they say those who say he was made sin and that it was done by imputation, which God never says it was imputed in him, but they say that would leave us with the same weaknesses of the Levitical priesthood. I won't give you my opinion, I want to give you scripture. Hebrews 7, if you'll turn there, Hebrews 7. Hebrews 7. Hebrews 7, we'll start in verse 19.

For the law made nothing perfect, but the bringing in of a better hope did, by the which we draw nigh unto God. And inasmuch as not without an oath he was made priest, for those priests were made without an oath. But this with an oath by him that said unto him, the Lord swear and will not repent, thou art a priest forever after the order of Melchizedek. By so much was Jesus made a surety of a better testament, and they truly were many priests because they were not suffered to continue by reason of death. But this man, because he continueth ever, hath an unchangeable priesthood.

Wherefore he is able also to save them to the uttermost that come unto God by him, seeing he ever liveth to make intercession for them. For such an high priest became us who is holy, harmless, undefiled, separate from sinners, and made higher than the heavens. Who needeth not daily as those high priests to offer up sacrifice for his own sins, and then for the people? For this he did once when he offered up himself. For the law maketh men high priests which have infirmity, but the word of the oath which was since the law maketh the son who is consecrated evermore. He ever liveth to make intercession for his people. You see that? His work is complete, it says. It says, who is consecrated evermore. Perfect, perfect.

We are told in scripture that in Revelations 1-6, and hath made us kings and priests unto God and his father, to him be glory and dominion forever and ever. Amen. We are priests unto God. Our sacrifice is thanks and praise from our lips. That's what we do. We praise him because he's done and we'll do all things. For without him we can do nothing. Hebrews 13, 15, we read this. By him, therefore, let us offer the sacrifice of praise to God continually. That is the fruit of our lips giving thanks to his name. And even there we read, by him.

We would not otherwise do this unless he gave us the ability to do this. We do not always do it, but if we don't, He corrects us. We do not see His wrath, but we do see correction. And if we don't get corrected, then we are bastards and not a son. We are not legitimate if we do not get corrected. But we come to love that correction. We may not like it at first, but He will show us His correction and we will bow down to it.

He was made sin for us. Him not knowing any sin. He did this that we might be made the righteousness of God in Him. He died to pay the sin debt we owe. He raised again that we might be made righteous in Him. And that's what the scripture says, isn't it?

Romans 4.25, we read, who was delivered for our offenses and was raised again for our justification. right before God because of Jesus Christ.

In Leviticus, we have two goats, both of them a picture of Jesus Christ. It all goes together because if any portion of what he did did not happen, then none would have the benefit from anything that he did. The goat unto the Lord was his sacrifice. It pictures him dying on that tree being made sin. The living goat pictures him ascending to the father's right hand making intercession for us.

We confess our sinfulness to him and he forgives us. Those ones he's made kings and priests, they lay their sins on his head because he is their head. And they know he is faithful and just to forgive them. We confess our sins to him and he faithfully forgives us those sins, pointing us by his spirit to the scripture where he has said, it is finished.

When he shows us what he's done on that tree, it's like he's telling us, you are my righteous ones. I've taken care of it all, come unto me. Just as Boaz told Ruth, lie down to the morning and he will return for us. In all that he did, we can truly say with scripture, Psalms 103, 12, as far as the east is from the west, so far hath he removed our transgressions from us.

He has dispelled our sins by making us righteous in him. Praise, honor, and glory to his glorious name. Amen. Dear old God, let us see your words, dear Lord, Through the eye of faith, dear Lord, give us faith, increase our faith, dear Lord. Cause us to see you, all these things we ask in Christ's name, amen.
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