How can we understand total depravity in light of Stephen's message?

Total depravity, as understood in Reformed theology, asserts that sin has affected every part of humanity, rendering us incapable of seeking God without His intervention. In Acts 7, Stephen addresses the Sanhedrin, accusing them of being stiff-necked and resisting the Holy Spirit (Acts 7:51). This reflects the innate human nature which rebels against God, illustrating the biblical teaching that all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God (Romans 3:23). Their violent reaction against Stephen, culminating in his martyrdom, serves as a stark example of humanity's enmity towards divine truth—proof of the great need for regeneration by the Spirit to bring about repentance and faith.