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How do we know substitutionary atonement is true?

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Substitutionary atonement is affirmed throughout Scripture, notably in Isaiah 53, where it is stated that the Lord laid on Him the iniquity of us all (Isaiah 53:6).

The doctrine of substitutionary atonement is a central tenet of Christian belief affirmed in numerous scriptural passages. Isaiah 53 presents a vivid portrayal of the suffering servant, who bears the sins of others. Verse 6 explicitly states that the Lord laid on Him the iniquity of us all, illustrating the concept that Christ took upon Himself the punishment designed for sinners. In the New Testament, this is further echoed by Paul when he writes in 2 Corinthians 5:21 that God made Him who knew no sin to be sin for us, so that we might become the righteousness of God in Him. Together, these scriptures solidify the validity of substitutionary atonement, emphasizing that Christ's sacrificial death was both a fulfillment of prophecy and a divine plan necessary for our redemption.
Scripture References: Isaiah 53:6, 2 Corinthians 5:21, Isaiah 53:5, Romans 3:24-26, Galatians 3:13, Romans 3:24-25, Isaiah 53:5-6, Matthew 27:15-27, Luke 23:25, Genesis 22, Hebrews 10:12, 1 Peter 2:24, Isaiah 53, Hebrews 10:11-17, 1 Peter 3:18, 1 John 2:1-2, Romans 3:25, John 1:29, John 10:15, Isaiah 63:3-5, Proverbs 30:19, John 3:14, Mark 1:41, Leviticus 1, Romans 3:20-31, Ephesians 1:7, Acts 4:12, Romans 11:33, 1 Corinthians 15:3, Romans 5:8, Lamentations 3:22-23, Hebrews 10:14, Romans 5:10, Romans 5:18-19, Jonah 1:12-15, Matthew 20:28, Genesis 3:21, Isaiah 53:5-6; 2 Corinthians 5:21, Romans 5:6-11, Hebrews 9:26, Exodus 34:20, 1 Peter 1:18-19, Psalm 85:10, Romans 3:26, Leviticus 14:4-7, Acts 2, Isaiah 53:4-6, Romans 5:19, John 3:14-15, Romans 4:25

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Exodus 34:20
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