How does Hebrews explain the insufficiency of the old covenant?

The author of Hebrews emphasizes the limitations of the old covenant by stating that it was established based on the Levitical priesthood, which could not make anyone perfect (Hebrews 7:18-19). It was a covenant focused on external compliance rather than internal transformation. The continual need for sacrifices demonstrated its inadequacy in securing a permanent relationship with God. In contrast, the new covenant offers a superior hope, grounded in the perfect sacrifice of Christ, which fully accomplishes what the law could not achieve, leading us closer to God.