The 'stone of stumbling' refers to Christ, who becomes a point of offense for those relying on law works instead of faith.
Paul references the 'stone of stumbling' in Romans 9:32-33, where he discusses how Israel stumbled over Christ, the Rock of offense meant for their salvation. This 'stumbling stone' symbolizes the rejection of Christ by those who attempts to attain righteousness through the law instead of embracing Him through faith. Theologically, this underscores the truth that Christ's righteousness is the only means of salvation, and failure to see this leads to condemnation. For those who trust in their own works, Christ becomes an offense rather than the source of salvation, thus emphasizing the necessity of faith in Him alone.
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