What does it mean that Christ died as a substitute?

The concept of Christ dying as a substitute is foundational in Reformed theology, indicating that Jesus took the place of His people by bearing their sins and paying the penalty on their behalf. According to 2 Corinthians 5:21, He became sin for us so that we might be made the righteousness of God in Him. This sacrificial act fulfills the necessity for a representative who could atone for the sins of those chosen by God. Thus, His death not only removes guilt but also enables the elect to be received into God's presence, as their sins are no longer held against them.