What is the meaning of 'according to' in Ephesians 1?

In Ephesians 1, the phrase 'according to' illustrates how God's actions, including election, redemption, and calling, are not arbitrary but rather in alignment with His character and will. For instance, the blessings we receive are 'according to the riches of His grace' (Ephesians 1:7). This affirms that everything God does is consistent with His goodness and justice. It emphasizes that our salvation is based not on our merit but on God's grace and generosity, showing a relationship that is entirely rooted in His love and authority.