How do we know the doctrine of substitutionary atonement is true?

The doctrine of substitutionary atonement is fundamentally illustrated in the account of Abraham and Isaac in Genesis 22, where Abraham, asked to sacrifice Isaac, represents the profound test of faith that ultimately points to Christ's sacrifice. Abraham's response, 'God will provide himself a lamb,' foreshadows the coming of Jesus as the Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world (John 1:29). This narrative encapsulates the concept that God provides a substitute for His people, much like the ram provided in place of Isaac.

Furthermore, the New Testament reinforces this doctrine by revealing that Christ's death serves as the ultimate fulfillment of these Old Testament types and shadows. In Hebrews 11:17-19, it is emphasized that Abraham believed God's promises, even anticipating the resurrection, which speaks to the power of God's redemptive plan. The substitutionary nature of Christ's atonement is critical in Reformed theology, where we assert that Jesus bore the full penalty for sin on behalf of the elect, satisfying divine justice and securing eternal redemption. In light of this, Scripture provides a robust foundation for the truthfulness of substitutionary atonement.